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; |- T9 R m8 f7 I8 s' |# W, a: OTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网! V* e2 n$ m) ~, I
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; I; R6 Y8 k! M: y7 Y# X$ pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。* u$ [" {# C' i& E" I
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1 O: D& X" s( \9 \6 Z6 {( b. Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英: [( I) v( q+ p, }% n0 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, [6 M4 z/ e) b+ w+ ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; M W( c5 |/ [, u2 J
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8 e7 z* b( `' w( S. @& Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:# a) K! c* \; g
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* E5 l2 ]( t5 B2 m; gmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。+ V% Y4 o0 ^8 C
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# }9 ]7 g2 P2 Z" P! e3 k, {mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:5 J+ W- Q% m! f; Z: k. C6 ~6 Z$ g
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! e+ m9 }; |( U# n$ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。. I8 Z/ }8 p) ?$ N- c/ L! p
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- f7 L( [; g. P. Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:$ i2 C, m* {8 ] O. l6 f) T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?' k% f7 V: v0 @( n$ b2 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”' V! d q; c7 ?2 w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。/ K7 G4 I0 k# o" o% G+ R
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, N6 P* H5 H$ @5 N: Amso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。$ z% N$ k- S: }- q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:+ u9 u7 M( V' s, ]. N
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+ P. O! ~0 H5 r4 E, Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。8 D# @3 L) P8 ]9 R10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! Y" X( K" F9 X& Z
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# Q! j/ [% C) ?7 Z, `mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:+ L0 i a' ]( ]) b% l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。9 u' G& f' O+ o, c" q( Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:0 Y2 S1 u% v; B5 u- b: |' Z- s5 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢! s1 p8 Q7 Q% zmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 4 X: }6 I/ G& g6 m4 \1 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: `. p$ t9 ~/ b. {1 k. Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:" t) H' z- r. {2 m H% e
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" C) W, f, N* J7 a/ D9 S! r' wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。4 `1 o+ l2 d6 x
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8 B7 y* x, F8 u& C- Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是 t3 u8 f0 F |; a+ @3 |( P
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' J9 O+ \; m, a" N7 ]/ k) @4 I& c; imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违; O: H l: O$ E5 x- s* S. l3 r# s
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8 F. O/ X7 |2 L L0 p) |# v# z5 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得8 I3 T7 [, _; i cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 q! z3 }" t% X* e. Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 b' Q& Z3 L v- tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: ~3 d" V) \( Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 A" o, z. b. [. g8 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 x2 q0 d; n+ t0 D: n6 A2 v0 w4 w1 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲, v" \. A/ \3 ?( `0 ?7 `3 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“# _6 o* e5 ^" e- X- W: V
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9 `8 u# m7 E8 ]7 C+ G$ I: emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 y4 G, A, ^( C! j' e; E& |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 R" K0 [0 ? M# w5 ?7 r6 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 ]$ F; B$ K; J' g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,* v! J" ^8 f9 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。" {, L5 ?# H& F% G8 j6 _4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 ?$ m; V g( M) u( u
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9 s- O3 s# C& j: Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。! M. W5 x) Y) B& Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 H, W4 m* |4 F% }+ j* Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。4 u/ _% G3 @ v- e7 T
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. [- c* r- ~- N) R) E* ~- BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义! P5 }& }* k5 X' Z/ o2 Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!' {* Z5 X, m8 n' o) t5 p
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! }0 B7 d- G- j3 ~1 {2 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。' f0 w+ t& T. ]/ z) Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: X e4 A0 S& a$ q( m; f: pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊, f" h- L# g! X% x! ^+ X2 [
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8 T) [ i l9 t3 o2 S3 q& wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。8 u! p% Q3 p2 Z* B! y
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孝经
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+ q. `' a1 D) _- dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。/ A( L% F* } d4 G9 }$ x. [5 t& p
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u0 v/ K0 T; t* }2 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。. ?0 y, S0 [; e: d: z. Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 f1 K' t$ } d; T/ T" {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:0 V3 j4 [4 |- M4 G( C& W
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8 i& G& S: n9 M! ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。4 j. p# x' \1 I6 a, o
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5 Y# `& D9 v0 s5 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个9 `* H; F& Q3 i% r) ]
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$ K. C" u: O1 c$ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬. \, g" L8 A" A6 ~/ ]8 b) T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: p2 B& ~( A" S* L/ }" `/ t+ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 ] e/ K9 e! r7 [* N8 z3 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。" j* a: O# [. W, k* mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的% h( q! {; u4 L) o9 I4 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思7 V- z% t, l4 Y& Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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