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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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/ J( T. d/ t% n# k8 ~; v9 l4 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ y" q4 _3 s; a2 L% c: T9 V, L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。+ V$ F I+ s, J7 g' f6 q H% `& Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。- R. Z8 X' f5 I' L3 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经% V, ?7 q! r! g5 i: ]; b; R
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3 N N t7 g6 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。" r# R5 x6 ]% S) Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! b. H& m2 c: E* umso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是5 m2 b9 q% P1 w1 T" J* p0pt">‘$ w0 v( i: P& [/ H" \Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;% n# X1 p1 x/ U3 o
mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。' T, }9 \; r* H" n7 ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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# R3 K$ E" |4 Z% |: Z5 S$ NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？+ F: s; c" ]9 Z( j- _8 G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，8 o9 r) j& O4 a' S& I" }0 q
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! r( j. l1 w) W! Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐4 I& W2 Z$ Y" t8 u
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: L' B3 Y2 k/ f. E3 v9 a) [" u& fmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种+ A: O0 v3 v' _; Y! i- \) }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的; Y O/ M; p% Q0 p) B
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6 x% K" \- T2 e9 ~; vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，2 c! z( b) a( F; P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。- O% V* [: Y$ t1 L# s. Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌1 ] }0 z- H/ @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视: \! j5 w, P6 L: S/ smso-font-kerning:0pt">“; \6 Y. ^ d" d$ Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：+ G3 R$ x$ H% T+ L
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5 V9 K7 i2 b0 G: b, Q' u2 F& emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。+ i5 Y0 f+ @2 ~2 ^' Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 c5 t# a1 I) r) a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 o3 \ ^/ G& I1 G1 ~! P7 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）1 _6 ~- f8 r6 b1 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。3 ^, d8 l6 [9 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 v! t4 T. B+ I0 Y: h V; W* I0 s% O3 D' ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过* g9 X4 ?0 B2 Y8 n4 q7 {8 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) Y' Z4 t4 W( q. y5 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨: J) I$ \# g5 O t0 v8 {. L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人% z5 R, {6 x- |" e2 |. K, ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 L- W" i, C6 x8 m. |2 L. p! O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 j7 Q# O$ v' X: {) Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"* ]9 s6 }; S: t( s. Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 k0 @- O3 a& _+ R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。+ A9 q7 Y4 ~! w# s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。! p9 U# l8 e) D) p2 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 d3 d/ F3 c0 Q# m% X4 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃( t6 W" J3 X2 ]- U$ D8 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“* k8 M2 ?) _0 y$ U6 r; ]
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# l+ s" W7 V m4 {# cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”( P( P2 @4 N& s# T7 e! N/ o' r+ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 |3 j' G8 z! l4 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& g% g9 I' i: I7 c3 [# u2 ~" T4 R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。0 Y& r8 ]1 r, J; \; |6 j/ U8 ?. x7 m
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3 Y1 p% l& c/ w# Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。# z+ P) [. q0 y: [1 Z- u+ o/ p
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! t1 r! X6 v8 S, f7 X! umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于& k+ q; v& M- f! u9 ]
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7 }% r7 V) P) L, R+ y8 U! Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观; M5 V6 {0 i5 y: C# z; nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 S, J2 }& a6 ^! ^3 y9 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群/ m% S, `; w( J' b( b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨6 U; ]$ w; ~3 l" D8 l) G$ t3 E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓* F, A* m/ H/ Z$ L3 O9 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 e/ |1 `) e! |6 N' j9 R5 Y afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 u/ w% |# p' B$ b9 e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴- l7 O( g: w8 K7 [7 @: \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓7 R9 q! q& b) imso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 m. z& `, u3 a
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$ T, ]. A- P# V8 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓+ G2 X3 D: r' \, m- L. U- D; u& bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ A" s' G; u0 E1 y! X, \, f$ f! P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓& N7 P6 [) F4 [; Q, }' W
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# C3 u0 B) o, q; w- `, ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨2 n( ]) @& Y/ u1 l
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( H' E) ^- j, O) d" `& vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼8 q& P+ ]! k: Z/ A D% i* N/ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& b3 N% R1 I* l5 K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 H1 j+ o7 D6 F) b T3 f: i) n) k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤; c) D: }( ?1 G' n) S$ l' f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 _9 }6 i% Y! h5 W/ d, t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能( p0 l8 k- \, gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 d7 e, T$ G. d2 A4 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹; r* m6 y4 C2 l+ V1 _+ T C+ U( imso-font-kerning:0pt">.7 O. {9 j* H3 g, ]2 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 F( f' { F+ [0 h- f8 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人! }' j. Q) |& k& a! I5 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“. K2 a6 @' Z8 P: Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. T% g# |7 x [* i3 m& G$ d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪4 \* f) ~# q2 h5 W, ~8 s6 t# m3 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 x6 t3 w$ s+ I$ ^: s* K: \mso-font-kerning:0pt">.- R! C8 L7 D9 [/ f2 H/ o, wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ P N7 S: Y2 N+ t; E5 \' G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。( I" N: k8 o4 h0 O7 c8 L/ M; {* _
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：% Y6 w. i& H3 P4 F% U+ b
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& u$ R8 _- C* \, eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。+ l# N) {# p" M; A, C P+ O, ]
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：) K0 S# B' V+ n7 i/ I
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! u5 m% n- f& t2 HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。" L/ y+ a9 W) c. O* Q! jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! l) g7 a+ B! H$ q2 z$ m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧2 f* d% x. a7 e2 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 Y/ V9 c+ |6 g
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