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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： / h: I! _4 N4 h' x! u
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3 c1 Q: M* f6 w# Q- k, R$ zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( w- q, v( i7 q4 c! ^. r& xmso-font-kerning:0pt">1' K/ d' H; o- ?2 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" P$ S8 G" h- \5 a4 b# t* i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：1 s# \ [+ ~4 o$ i; W( d0 s
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" U( U1 R# P# q" E6 r3 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 {0 Q, f7 |+ m- `' T; ^6 `: z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( ?" `& S9 B( I; ocolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。6 H' o7 g) Q. ]- g$ a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。. }, i$ @: P- E. U/ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。# m. w" {+ x+ ]1 u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 A5 Z! q4 R/ Q9 w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢1 s/ {, G# w. omso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 b: {6 P2 C+ i0 j( c! C' u& z
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" j# n8 ~+ ]6 v; G. t' Q- _$ Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 H/ L1 }$ t2 K& F& x" K# x7 h$ pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——! Z9 k# K5 a! B. q
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0 G3 \# A& P& n& D2 t4 u' w5 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新4 T! Y4 Y) C2 G$ G* ^mso-font-kerning:0pt"> - R$ O8 O8 t" r: Z2 l) a" h
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1 ~9 {: J2 f/ Y5 j* b# I0 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白 F+ X' E! D+ x* I( P: ~1 F+ M4 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ i( n8 l$ }* M# G$ ~& LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学7 o, n2 z( X' L) C
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" Z/ c8 }$ U( ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么) I7 P2 g" S1 l9 a& |3 q2 emso-font-kerning:0pt">——. ]: ~3 C/ w2 z6 V3 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! d3 a& F4 E. J+ [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？7 ^2 Y0 ]1 b O( r R& F, h Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ E" k% T' j, |6 t5 N/ ]' N* ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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& F* E5 `# }+ Z8 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”- c* _2 k1 k9 k/ y
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) o. A( v7 m; s& cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚. `, {: n7 }* ?' X% a N
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( n' h! w" C/ F0 Y+ wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！9 c. S; g& E1 a7 d; g8 F! [9 p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假' Q7 R e$ ]9 O" ?9 \% m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是6 z" B) s3 X R7 Q# x3 A3 B4 o9 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; q) k' v3 z$ D1 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& k# B4 p4 C/ u) X. c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题8 C6 a! [( f* e9 c0 A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。% F5 `4 {4 I5 Z( U( ~- p
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7 P% i7 x3 H5 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴( `: ] J' S/ ^ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”# S) ]3 P1 V; {6 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' p3 \# {# R* Z% k* gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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